Authors - Aryan Dholi and Malathi P Abstract - Smart contract vulnerabilities have continuously been a major source of threat to blockchain security, with billions of dollars being accounted for losses every year. This review paper delves into over 15 different detection methods utilizing static analysis, dynamic monitoring, machine learning, and hybrid approaches. Sustainability metrics such as the Green Detection Score and the Energy Efficiency Index are first proposed by us to gauge the environmental cost in relation to the accuracy. From our review of 28 papers, we conducted research studies to points out a significant discovery: transformer models reach 0.91 F1-score but use 1,475× more energy than static analyzers. Hybrid approaches present a viable compromise with 0.89 F1-score and 62% energy savings. We thus offer deployment advice, sustainable architecture templates, and a 2030 roadmap for green blockchain security.
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