11th International Conference on ICTIS

Authors - Siddharth Jha, Mayur Jaiswal, Ajay Deshmukh, Kajal Joseph
Abstract - The importance of agriculture for the survival of humans and the economic stability of the world continues to grow; however, at the same time, it has also come to face many severe problems due to increasing population figures, climate change, and the loss of natural resources. The traditional techniques for crop monitoring are mostly based on manual surveys and the use of vision for inspecting crops; thus, they are regarded as too labor-intensive, time-consuming, and passive in nature, thereby becoming ineffective for managing modern large-scale farming techniques. The avail-ability of the latest technological features, such as remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), artificial intelligence (AI) devices, and block chain technology, has transformed crop monitoring techniques into an intelligent and proactive process for farmers to monitor crops in an efficient and precise manner. Drones play an important role in crop monitoring by using high-resolution imaging devices for detecting early crop problems, such as crop stress, pest infestations, or nutrient deficiencies, whereas IoT devices are utilized for real-time monitoring of fluctuating environment parameters, such as soil, in an intelligent manner. All these innovations help towards a high and efficient agricultural system within a sustainable environment. Hence, there are still certain limitations and hindrances faced by these advanced techniques, including high initial cost, complexity, infrastructural constraints, and data privacy, limiting these techniques for small and marginal farmers. Hence, in this review paper, a detailed review of advanced crop monitoring techniques used in agriculture is discussed; further, a critical analysis of these techniques for achieving these requirements with efficiency and standards, and an understanding of these techniques for achieving a sustainable and robust ecosystem in an agricultural system is discussed.