Authors - Shubhrat Chaursiya, Toshif Mohammed Shaikh, Snehlata, Sangam Kumari, Vishal Shriastava, Ram Babu Buri, Vibhakar Pathak Abstract - Computational modeling is essential for studying complex pedestrian dynamics under emergency conditions. This paper presents the design and implementation of an Emergency Evacuation Simulator, a robust grid-based modeling tool developed in Java. The system integrates two core components: an Agent-Based Model (ABM) for pedestrian behavior and Cellular Automata (CA) for modeling dynamic hazard propagation (Fire and Smoke spread). A key innovation is the use of an Optimized Breadth-First Search (BFS) algorithm coupled with 8directional pathfinding (Chebyshev distance), which significantly improves path efficiency and movement realism compared to traditional 4-directional methods. The simulator incorporates heterogeneous agents with varying vulnerability levels and features local collision avoidance. Experimental analysis confirms the efficiency of the 8-directional path finding and provides quantitative metrics on evacuation time, rate, and fatality statistics, offering a valuable platform for enhancing building safety protocols and emergency response strategies.
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