Authors - Shriram Dange, Namdeo. M. Sawant, Sumeet S Ingole, Somnath A. Zambare Abstract - Medical image classification is of immense importance in the context of early-stage diagnosis of various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and brain tumours. However, it remains infeasible for conventional deep learning architectures to efficiently encode frequency domain information and long-range spatial dependencies found in medical images. In this paper, a novel Hybrid Wavelet CNN Vision Trans-former, coupled with Explainable Artificial Intelligence, has been proposed for efficient and accurate medical image classification. In the proposed architecture, the application of discrete wavelet transform, convolutional neural networks, and Vision transformers for medical image classification has been presented. Additionally, explainability aspects have been addressed using the Grad-CAM technique. The proposed model was experimented with using two datasets: one for Alzheimer’s disease MRI and another for brain tumours. The experimental results reveal that the proposed deep learning architecture achieves an accuracy of 96.8%, precision of 0.96, and recall of 0.97, F1score of 0.97 for the brain tumours dataset, which beats conventional CNN, vision Transformer, and Wavelet CNN architectures. The integration of explainable AI further enhances model transparency and clinical reliability, making the proposed framework suitable for real-world medical diagnostic applications.
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